International Health Regulations (‎2005)‎: IHR monitoring and evaluation framework

The International Health Regulations (2005) IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework provides a comprehensive operational structure for assessing and strengthening global public health security, national core capacities, and health emergency preparedness. Designed for government authorities, public health professionals, and international stakeholders, the framework integrates both quantitative and qualitative assessment components—including State Parties Self-Assessment Annual Reporting (SPAR), voluntary Joint External Evaluations (JEE), After Action Reviews (AAR), and Simulation Exercises (SimEx)—to promote transparency, mutual accountability, and continuous learning. By aligning national reporting with international standards, the framework enables countries and global health partners to systematically identify operational gaps, prioritize emergency preparedness, allocate resources effectively, and coordinate multi-sectoral responses to emerging biological and public health threats. Ultimately, it institutionalizes a culture of shared responsibility and rigorous, evidence-based decision-making across all levels of domestic and international health governance.